岸基GNSS-R码测高反演模型

宁保蛟; 王娜子; 荆丽丽; 高凡; 孔亚慧; 贺匀峤

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0213

岸基GNSS-R码测高反演模型

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0213

宁保蛟¹,
王娜子^1, ,,
荆丽丽¹,
高凡^{1, 2},
孔亚慧¹,
贺匀峤¹

1.
山东大学空间科学研究院，威海 264209
2.
山东省光学天文与日地空间环境重点实验室，威海 264209

基金项目: 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2021ZDSYS01); 国家自然科学基金(41704017,41604003); 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MD046)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：wnz@sdu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P228.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-26
- 录用日期: 2023-07-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-09
- 整期出版日期: 2025-04-30

The retrieval model of shore-based GNSS-R code altimetry

NING Baojiao¹,
WANG Nazi^{1
, ,},
JING Lili¹,
GAO Fan^{1, 2},
KONG Yahui¹,
HE Yunqiao¹

1.
Institute of Space Sciences，Shandong University，Weihai 264209，China
2.
Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment，Weihai 264209，China

Funds: Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (Major Technological Innovation Project) (2021ZDSYS01); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41704017,41604003 ); Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022MD046)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：wnz@sdu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
全球导航卫星系统反射测量(GNSS-R)海面测高作为GNSS技术应用领域之一，其凭借全天时、低成本、高时空分辨率等特点在海洋遥感领域占据极大的优势。但受GNSS码片宽度的限制，岸基GNSS-R码延迟海面测高的最优精度仅为分米级，难以满足大地测量学领域对海面高的精度要求。提出利用傅里叶级数拟合法对码延迟测高结果进行优化，并于山东省威海市开展GNSS-R码测高实验进行验证，分别对QZSS L2C信号、QZSS L5信号及GPS L5信号的码延迟测高结果进行拟合处理并计算反演精度，对比原始测高结果发现：3段不同时长的原始测高结果经过傅里叶级数拟合优化后，其均方根误差(RMSE)从70～90 cm提升至9～15 cm。在此基础上，利用拟合所得傅里叶级数曲线对未来24 h内的海面高进行预测，与验潮站数据相比，预测结果仍保持较高精度，RMSE为13～18 cm，相关系数大于0.97。结果表明所提出的方法不仅能对码延迟测高结果进行优化，能对存在数据缺失的情况进行补充，还能对未来海面高度进行高精度的预测。
- 岸基 /
- 全球导航卫星系统反射测量 /
- 码延迟 /
- 海平面高度 /
- 傅里叶级数拟合
Abstract:
With the continuous innovation of GNSS technology, its application fields continue to expand. Because of its all-weather capabilities, low cost, and high spatiotemporal resolution, Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) sea surface altimetry has many benefits in the field of ocean remote sensing. However, due to the limitation of GNSS chip width, the optimal accuracy of shore-based GNSS-R code-delay sea level measurements is only decimeter level, which makes it difficult to meet the accuracy requirements of Geodesy for sea surface height. In order to maximize the GNSS-R code-delay altimetry results, this research suggested using the Fourier series fitting method. To validate the suggested approach, GNSS-R code altimetry experiments were conducted in Weihai City, Shandong Province. The code-delay altimetry results of QZSS L2C signal, QZSS L5 signal and GPS L5 signal are respectively fitted and processed, and the inversion accuracy is calculated. When compared to the original altimetry findings, it is discovered that the RMSEs of the three original altimetry values with varying lengths have improved from 70-90 cm to 9-15 cm following Fourier series fitting. On this basis, the sea surface heights in the next 24 hours are predicted using the fitted Fourier series curve. Compared with the tide gauge data, the prediction results still maintain high accuracy, with RMSE of 13-18 cm and correlation a coefficient greater than 0.97. The above results indicate that the method proposed in this article can not only optimize the code-delay height measurement results and supplement the missing data, but also make high-precision predictions for future sea levels.
- shore-based /
- GNSS-R /
- code delay /
- sea surface height /
- Fourier series fitting

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图 1 岸基GNSS-R码延迟海面测高模型

Figure 1. Shore-based GNSS-R code delayed sea level altimeter model

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图 2 2020年11月5日及2021年3月30日实验环境及实验地点

Figure 2. Experimental environment and experimental location on 5 November 2020 and 30 March 2021

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图 3 2023年5月27日实验环境及实验地点

Figure 3. Experimental environment and experimental location on 27 May 2023

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图 4 3段数据码测高结果与海面真实高度对比

Figure 4. Sea levels derived from GNSS-R code-delay altimetry of the three data codes are compared with the real sea surface height

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图 5 QZSS L2C1/2阶傅里叶级数拟合值与雷达高度计数据比较

Figure 5. First- and Second-Fourier series fitting data of QZSS GEO L2C

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图 6 GPS L51/2阶傅里叶级数拟合值与雷达高度计数据比较

Figure 6. First- and Second-Fourier series fitting data of QZSS GPS L5

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图 7 1阶、2阶和3阶傅里叶级数拟合的QZSS GEO L5码测高结果与验潮站数据对比

Figure 7. First-, Second- and Third- Fourier series fitting data of QZSS GEO L5

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图 8 2023年5月28日2阶傅里叶级数拟合曲线计算的海面高度与验潮站数据比较

Figure 8. Comparison between sea levels calculated from Second- order Fourier series fitting curve and tide gauge data on May 28^th, 2023

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表 1 3次实验期间实验地点潮汐变化表

Table 1. Table of tidal change at experimental site during the three experiments

潮汐	潮时			潮高(峰值)/cm
潮汐	第1段	第2段	第3段	第1段	第2段	第3段
干潮	05:35	04:29	00:40	37	45	84
满潮	11:27	10:17	07:26	222	209	239
干潮	17:53	16:06	14:26	42	55	65
满潮	23:48	22:25	20:15	221	242	196

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表 2 3段实验数据的GNSS-R码测高精度统计

Table 2. Statistical analysis of the three experimental data for GNSS-R code-delay altimetry

数据类型	均值/m	RMSE/m
QZSS L2C	−0.0467	0.7618
GPS L5	0.2877	0.8083
QZSS L5	−0.0438	0.8606

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表 3 3段实验数据的傅里叶级数拟合结果与比对数据对比精度统计

Table 3. Statistical analysis of the Fourier series fitting results comparing with in-situ data

数据类型	均值/m	RMSE/m	R²/%
QZSS L2C(m=1)	−0.0451	0.1481	99.33
QZSS L2C(m=2)	−0.0429	0.1961	98.14
GPS L5(m=1)	0.0256	0.1011	98.07
GPS L5(m=2)	0.0138	0.1077	97.36
QZSS L5(m=1)	0.0610	0.1861	91.60
QZSS L5(m=2)	0.0392	0.0961	97.99
QZSS L5(m=3)	0.0417	0.1016	97.76

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表 4 QZSS L5模型预测海面高与验潮站结果比较

Table 4. Statistical analysis of the sea levels from Fourier series fitting model comparing with in-situ data

时间	均值/m	RMSE/m	R²/%
未来1 h	−0.1307	0.1321	99.64
未来12 h	−0.1512	0.1856	97.15
未来24 h	−0.0476	0.1419	95.16

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