仪表着陆系统航向信标保护区的划设

倪育德; 李欣欣; 刘瑞华; 郭建立; 王艳阳

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0592

仪表着陆系统航向信标保护区的划设

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0592

1.
中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院，天津 300300
2.
广西壮族自治区气象技术装备中心，南宁 530000
3.
天津七六四通信导航技术股份有限公司，天津 300210
4.
中国民用航空局空中交通管理局航空气象中心，北京 100122

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(U2233215)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：rhliu_cauc@163.com

中图分类号: V249.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-19
- 录用日期: 2023-10-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-20
- 整期出版日期: 2025-11-25

Delineation of instrument landing system localizer protection area

1.
School of Electronic Information and Automation，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China
2.
Guangxi Meteorological Technology Equipment Center，Nanning 530000，China
3.
Tianjin 764 Communication and Navigation Technology Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300210，China
4.
Aviation Meteorological Center，Air Traffic Management Bureau，Civil Aviation Administration of China，Beijing 100122，China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2233215)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：rhliu_cauc@163.com

摘要

摘要:
仪表着陆系统(ILS)保护区是保证飞机安全着陆的重要屏障。针对ILS中航向信标(LOC)保护区划设理论依据研究不足的问题，依据《国际民用航空公约》附件10的要求，利用物理光学(PO)法系统研究了LOC保护区的划设。对LOC辐射远场和近场进行划分，并推导求解LOC近场方向图，避免障碍物处于近场时仍使用远场条件计算带来的误差；结合跑道周围停止等待飞机的垂直表面特征进行面元划分，使用物理光学法计算这些飞机作为障碍物在不同位置及转向时造成的电磁散射场，根据其对进近着陆飞机接收信号调制度差(DDM)的影响程度划设LOC保护区；分别使用20阵元与24阵元LOC，以A380、B737-8与B787-8为障碍物进行LOC保护区划设仿真实验。实验结果与《国际民用航空公约》附件10规定的保护区具有较大接近度，敏感区差距最大处相差约100 m，临界区差距最大处相差约50 m；与专业软件ATOLL的仿真结果相比，保护区的走势基本相同。实验结果证明了所提思想方法、理论建模及技术处理的正确性，可以为LOC保护区划设提供重要理论依据。
- 航向信标 /
- 近场 /
- 保护区 /
- 物理光学法 /
- 电磁散射
Abstract:
The instrument landing system (ILS) protection area is an important barrier to ensure the safe landing of aircraft. In view of the insufficiency in the theoretical study on the delineation of the protection area of the localizer (LOC) in the ILS, the LOC protection area is systematically studied for the first time using the physical optics (PO) method, in accordance with the requirements of the Annex 10 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. First, the LOC radiation field is divided into far-field and near-field regions, and the LOC near-field radiation pattern is derived and solved to avoid errors caused by applying far-field conditions when obstacles are actually in the near-field. Then, based on the vertical surface characteristics of aircraft waiting around the runway, the surfaces are discretized into small facets. The electromagnetic scattering field caused by these aircraft, considered as obstacles in different positions and orientations, is calculated using the PO method. The LOC protection area is delineated according to the impact of these scattering fields on the difference in depth modulation (DDM) of the signal received by approaching aircraft. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted using 20-element and 24-element LOC arrays, with the A380, B737-8, and B787-8 serving as the obstacles. The simulation results show high consistency with the protection area requirements specified in Annex 10 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, with the maximum deviation in the sensitive area being about 100 m and in the critical area about 50 m. Compared with simulations performed using the professional software ATOLL, the overall trend of the protection area is basically the same. The experimental results validate the correctness of the proposed conceptual approach, theoretical modeling, and technical processing, and can provide an important theoretical basis for LOC protection area delineation.
- localizer /
- near field /
- protection area /
- physical optics method /
- electromagnetic scattering

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图 1 LOC阵列天线

Figure 1. LOC array antenna

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图 2 《国际民用航空公约》附件10规定的LOC DDM弯曲幅度范围

Figure 2. Specified bending amplitude range of LOC DDM by Annex 10 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation

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图 3 机载接收机接收LOC信号示意

Figure 3. LOC signal reception by on-board receiver

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图 4 等幅同相二元阵下近场接收信号矢量图

Figure 4. Vector diagram of near-field received signals under constant-amplitude in-phase binary array

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图 5 NM 24阵元LOC辐射COU CSB远近场方向图

Figure 5. Far-field and near-field radiation patterns of NM 24-element LOC array (COU CSB)

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图 6 NM 20阵元LOC辐射COU CSB远近场方向图

Figure 6. Far-field and near-field radiation patterns of NM 20-element LOC array (COU CSB)

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图 7 LOC散射场求解示意

Figure 7. LOC scattering field solution

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图 8 Gordon面元积分

Figure 8. Gordon panel integration

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图 9 LOC保护区划设实验流程

Figure 9. LOC protection area experiment procedure

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图 10 实验过程示意图

Figure 10. Experimental process

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图 11 NM 20阵元LOC敏感区划设时不同点的DDM曲线

Figure 11. DDM curves at different points during sensitive area delineation of NM 20-element LOC

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图 12 NM 20阵元LOC临界区划设时不同点的DDM曲线

Figure 12. DDM curves at different points during critical area delineation of NM 20-element LOC

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图 13 不同方法得到的NM 20阵元LOC保护区对比

Figure 13. Comparison of NM 20-element LOC protection areas obtained by different methods

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图 14 NM 24阵元LOC敏感区划设时不同点的DDM曲线

Figure 14. DDM curves at different points during sensitive area delineation of NM 24-element LOC

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图 15 NM 24阵元LOC临界区划设时不同点的DDM曲线

Figure 15. DDM curves at different points during critical area delineation of NM 24-element LOC

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图 16 不同方法得到的NM 24阵元LOC保护区对比

Figure 16. Comparison of NM 24-element LOC protection area obtained by different methods

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图 17 B737-8条件下NM 20阵元LOC保护区

Figure 17. NM 20-element LOC protection area under B737-8 condition

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图 18 相同LOC阵列天线不同障碍物条件下LOC保护区

Figure 18. LOC protection areas of same LOC array antenna under different obstacle conditions

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表 1 实验设置

Table 1. Experimental setup

LOC型号	障碍物设置
LOC型号	临界区	敏感区
NM 20阵元LOC	A380机身和尾翼	A380尾翼
NM 24阵元LOC	A380机身和尾翼	A380尾翼
NM 20阵元LOC	B737-8机身和尾翼	B737-8尾翼
NM 20阵元LOC	B787-8机身和尾翼	B787-8尾翼

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表 2 不同障碍物的近似尺寸

Table 2. Approximate dimensions of different obstacles

飞机型号	尾翼近似尺寸/m			机身近似尺寸/m
飞机型号	长	高	离地高度	长	高	离地高度
A380	8.5	14	10	72.5	8.5	1.5
B737-8	3	8.5	4	39.5	2.7	1.3
B787-8	6.7	9	8	56.7	6	2

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表 3 NM 20阵元LOC保护区边界坐标

Table 3. Boundary coordinates of NM 20-element LOC protection area

保护区	x/m	y/m
敏感区	1000	100
	1400	140
	1800	185
	2200	180
	2600	215
	3000	250
	3400	280
	3800	300
	4200	245
临界区	200	85
	300	95
	400	100
	500	105
	600	110
	700	110

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表 4 NM 24阵元LOC保护区边界坐标

Table 4. Boundary coordinates of NM 24-element LOC protection area

保护区	x/m	y/m
敏感区	1000	110
	1400	155
	1800	165
	2200	200
	2600	240
	3000	280
	3400	310
	3800	335
	4200	260
临界区	200	85
	300	90
	400	100
	500	105
	600	110
	700	110

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表 5 B737-8为障碍物时NM 20阵元LOC保护区边界坐标

Table 5. Boundary coordinates of NM 20-element LOC protection area with B737-8 as obstacle

保护区	x/m	y/m
敏感区	1000	90
	1400	125
	1800	150
	2200	175
	2600	205
	3000	235
	3400	255
	3800	245
临界区	50	40
	100	45
	150	45
	200	55
	250	45

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表 6 B787-8为障碍物时NM 20阵元LOC保护区边界坐标

Table 6. Boundary coordinates of NM 20-element LOC protection area with B787-8 as obstacle

保护区	x/m	y/m
敏感区	1000	135
	1400	150
	1800	190
	2200	230
	2600	270
	3000	310
	3400	340
	3800	260
	4200	210
临界区	100	65
	200	75
	300	95
	400	95
	500	80
	600	115

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