Abstract: Under irradiation of intense-nanosecond-electron beam with power density of 10⁹ W/cm²,tensnanosecond duration,the metal surfaces with enhancement of hardness, corrosion resistance and other physico chemical behavior improvement have been obtained due to the microstructure changing. Thermal transfer processes of rapid melting and solidification have been analyzed. The micrographies of SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) show the variety of morphologies due to rapid cooling of treated areas. In the gas environment of 10 Pa, the effect of magnetic self-pinch leads to high power density of pseudospark electron beams due to charge neutralization. It is expected for wide application of material surface modification for such pulsed electron beams. Much more studies should be done for further understanding of the interaction of beam target.