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2001 Vol. 27, No. 2

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Cycling Oxidation Behavior of Nb-ion Implanted γ-TiAl
WANG Wei, SHI Jing-yu, ZHANG Yong-gang, ZHANG Tong-he
2001, 27(2): 125-128.
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The thermal cycling oxidation behaviors of Nb-ion implanted γ-TiAl in air were studied in the temperature range of 1123~1173K. The microstructures of the oxide scales were examined by SEM equipped with EDS. Nb distribution and depth profiles of elements were analyzed by AES. The results indicated that the cyclic oxidation resistance of γ-TiAl alloy could be improved by Nb ion implantation. The reason why Nb-ion implantation improves the cyclic oxidation properties may be ascribed to doping of the titania lattice by Nb5+ ions, which may inhibit the growth of TiO2 and enhance the growth rate of Al2O3. The formation of Al2O3 protective layer at the early stage decreased the oxidation rate and delayed the spallation of oxide scale. But Nb-ion implanted γ-TiAl has no long effect to thermal cycling oxidation resistance.
Research of Gray Model Applied in the Prior Corrosion and Fatigue of Aluminum Alloys
LIU Yan-li, ZHONG Qun-peng, WANG Yu-kui
2001, 27(2): 129-132.
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The effect of corrosion temperature and time on properties of the prior-corroded aluminum alloys was discussed tentatively, and gray model was introduced in the research of the simulating accelerated corrosion test for aluminum alloys. The non-linear relationship between mass loss,maximum corrosion depth,detail fatigue rating(DFR) and corrosion time was established based on power function,constant interval gray model as well as variable interval gray model. The results indicate that gray model can be employed to predict the underlying corrosion trend and fatigue properties precisely,compared with power model.Whether constant interval or variable interval data,gray model can describe successfully,and the accuracy of the gray model can also be improved by setting up modified residuals model.
Study of Sol-gel/Microcapsule Compound Coating on Stainless Steel
ZHU Li-qun, LIU Chen-min, LI Xue-yuan
2001, 27(2): 133-136.
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A method for applying compound coating using a sol-gel/microcapsule method is described. Orhanosilicon resin having been made into microcapsule was added to zirconia sol. The microcapsulation technique was applied to the preparation of compound coatings. Through a lot of experiments and tests, a kind of sol-gel/microcapsule compound coating which has good performances of high-temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance has been attained. The mechanism of its good performances is that some slight crackles come into being on the skin of microcapsules in the process of high-temperature oxidation, the liquid in the core could flow out to fill and level up the cracks caused by the difference in the expansion coefficient between zirconia and stainless steel substrate.
ATS Telegraph Pattern Recognition Using a Neural Network
ZHANG Xue-jun, ZHANG Qi-shan
2001, 27(2): 137-141.
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The air traffic service (ATS) telegraphs are composed of fixed information groups. The transmission errors and artificial factors lead to the nonstandard contents of telegraphs, which make the difficulties for the computer to process. In order to solve the problem, pattern recognition and neural network, which can increase the rate of recognition and rate of picking-up right information greatly, are adopted to process the nonstandard messages. This is the key for intelligentized air traffic control. Numerical simulation shows that this method has higher recognition rate and more efficiency. The other excellences of this method are easy to maintain and update.
Design of Log-periodic Dipole Antenna Using Genetic Algorithms
LI Chao-wei
2001, 27(2): 142-145.
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The history of the development in theory of log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) and the basic design method used here are briefly presented.After showing steps in the optimization using the genetic algorithm (GA) in details,the application of designing LPDA with genetic algorithm is discussed.The application of GA simplifies the procedure in LPDA design greatly,it displays unique benefit in solving the similar questions.Finally,examples of LPDA design covering 0.1~1 GHz are given,and get good results.Meanwhile, the method of how to choose the optimized variables and objective function in solving the practical questions is discussed.Then, the differences of antenna performances between using matched end and short line end in practical use are shown,and the explanation of such results is given.
Smoothed-unit HMM Algorithm in Mandarin Speech Recognition
HE Qiang, MAO Shi-yi, ZHANG You-wei
2001, 27(2): 146-149.
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The base unit in mandarin speech recognition is phoneme, semi-syllable or syllable. Semi-syllable system has fewer HMM models and needs less computation, thus it's suitable for real-time systems. But due to poor description for the acoustic properties of the speech signal, it generally shows a low performance compared with syllable system. While the system based on syllable or phoneme (tri-phone or di-phone) has much more HMM models, and needs massive computation in training and recognition, which goes against to real-time implementation. The new scheme is a compromised one. The new system is based on semi-syllable system, but the parameters of the entire syllable are used in training phase, so smoothing between two semi-syllable units is introduced. The transition probability between semi-syllables is calculated, and the two semi-syllable HMMs are connected into a full syllable HMM in recognition phase. This can increase the system performance without increasing HMM models, and it's fit for real-time systems with DSP kernel.
Curve Simulation for Nonlinearity in Frequency Sweep in ISAR Imaging
LI Yu-xing, WANG Zhen-rong, LU Xu-dong
2001, 27(2): 150-152.
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LFM is one of widely used methods of ISAR. Nonlinearity in frequency sweep has some effects on the quality of imaging. Especially in the high-frequency, broad-band and short-tune frequency sweep, frequency swept nonlineatity of LFM curve can hardly distribute it. Based on the theory of ISAR, using simple maths methods, the method of using arbitrary times polynomial simulation for the nonlinearity testing of LFM signal is studied for the first time. Finally, the correctness of this method is approved by one experiment.
Study of GPS/MM Integrated Navigation System for Vehicle Positioning Based on D-S Evidence Reasoning
HU Hong-jie, ER Lian-jie, LIU Qiang, CHEN Jing-quan
2001, 27(2): 153-156.
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Classic PID control method which is based on precise mathematical model has poor adaptivity and is not adaptive to nonlinear and time-variant plants.Conventional neural network is always complicated and its stability often suffers from the effect of initial weight value selecting.A simple stable direct adaptive PID control algorithm is proposed, which is based on RBF neural network.To guarantee the system stability and improve the system precision, initial weight value selecting problem for the neural network is discussed and corresponding iterative algorithm is provided. Simulation results indicate that the system robustness and tracking performance are superior to those of classic PID method.
Study of GPS/MM Integrated Navigation System for Vehicle Positioning Based on D-S Evidence Reasoning
MM Integrated, S Evidence, SU Hui-min
2001, 27(2): 157-160.
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General principles of map matching are investigated according to segmentation and feature extraction, and an algorithm based on D-S evidence reasoning for GPS/MM integrated navigation system is proposed. The single point positioning accuracy of GPS is improved. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for the requirement of vehicle position and navigation. The map matching algorithm does not increase the cost of system hardware. It is a useful solution for the widely used GPS navigation and position system.
General RAIM Algorithm Based on Aiding of Receiver Clock Bias
HUANG Ji-xun, ZHOU Li-xian, FAN Yue-zu
2001, 27(2): 161-163.
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The characters of least-squares-residuals method belonging to receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) were analyzed. After the receiver clock bias behavior was accurately modeled using global positioning system(GPS) measurements, a new algorithm for RAIM was developed based on the least-squares-residuals method with the aiding of receiver clock bias. It can be gained through the model. The novelty lies in that on the condition of only four satellites in view, it can still use chi-square distribution to detect the failure satellite of GPS. So it can improve the availability of RAIM. The simulation results show that this algorithm is not only simple but also available and feasible.
New Approach to GPS Integrity Monitoring Based on SINS
GENG Yan-rui, ZHANG Wei-wei, CUI Zhong-xing
2001, 27(2): 164-166.
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A new approach of GPS integrity based on SINS is studied by means of the Chebyshev-s law of great numbers. The magnitude of pseudoranges can be estimated and that which satellite is in trouble can be determined by using only a Kalman filter. A example is given in the case of step-type pseudorange error. Thesimulation result proves that the new approach is very practical and efficient and the computation load is lower.
Bend/Twist Coupling Effects of Unsymmetric and Unbalanced Laminate
XU De-wei, LI Zheng-neng, CUI De-gang
2001, 27(2): 167-170.
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In order to obtain particular twist angle of composite structure, utilizing the coupling effects of unsymmetric&unbalanced laminate is a considerable approach. An unsymmetric&unbalanced laminate is formed by adding a sub-laminate into the symmetric laminate. How to lay the sub-laminate and what the optimal orientation angle of the sub-laminate is are studied in order to make the most use of coupling effects by nonlinear finite element methods. Test results of honeycomb core sandwich composite laminate simulating the wing-box under the load of aerodynamics demonstrate that the calculating results well accord with the test results and unsymmetric&unbalanced laminates have prospective engineering applications.
Research of Mass Transfer of Living Skin
DING Li, YUAN Xiu-gan, ZHAO Yu-zhen
2001, 27(2): 171-174.
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Based on characteristics that different layers of skin mainly consist of cells and liquid between cells,a feasible three-layer physical model,which had used methods of porous medium,was put forward. Mathematic equations about conversation of consistency and energy were founded according to peculiarities of different layers. Analytical solutions were given by using the equations of consistency. On the condition of different blood flow rate, coefficients of mass transfer and thickness of layers,the changes of consistency were calculated by programming. These results are consistent with the results coming from experiment of mass transfer coefficients.
Synthetical Evaluation of Ergonomics Study in Visual Information Flow System of Pilots
LIU Wei, YUAN Xiu-gan, LIN Hai-yan
2001, 27(2): 175-177.
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Based on the study of visual area, main pathways of visual flow, ergonomics factors and the judgement of visual ergonomics, a synthetical evaluation of ergonomics study in visual information flow system of pilots has been built. Primary results reveal that there exists optimal, good and limit visual ergonomic area in the plane of pilots- visual area, and the vibrancy, dazzle, noises, shape, color, contrast, display mode play an important role in affecting visual ergonomics. During the process of airplay design, the information display area should lie in visual area of pilots. Its display layout and display mode should fall in line with visual ergonomics.
Research and Implementation of Role Based Access Control System
YANG Ya-ping, LI Wei-qin, LIU Huai-yu
2001, 27(2): 178-181.
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First, a theory of access control—role based access control was analyzed, and the characters and advantages of RBAC were discussed. Then, the infrastructure and implementary techniques of our own access control system based on this theory were given. This system can provide access control service for FTP、WWW、TELNET. Its framework is presented with some core components: access filter server(AFS), access control server (ACS) and role & authorization management server (RAS).These three servers have distinct functions, while communicating and cooperating with each other as an integrated system.Finally, an instance using this system was given.
Undeniable Cryptographic Protocol for Both Sender and Receiver and Its Applications
LI Xian-xian, HUAI Jin-peng
2001, 27(2): 182-185.
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In data communications, digital signature schemes have been used to ensure non-repudiation of sending data and the integrality of data, and non-repudiation of receiving data is also very important in the secure communication. In the past years, this kind of cryptographic protocols was mainly implemented by the intervention of the trusted third party in transmission and encryption of data, thus the dependability and security of the trusted third party was a bottleneck in these secure systems. To solve this problem, an undeniable cryptographic protocol for both sender and receiver is proposed. It is more efficient. Finally, its applications in electric mail are discussed.
Research on Modeling Based on STEP/AP
YANG Zhan-yong, CHEN Ming, ZHAO Yong-shun, DENG Jia-ti
2001, 27(2): 186-189.
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In the implementing of STEP, the application protocol(AP) provides share model for specific domain, but it limits to operate each other.It is difficult to ensure its conformance and augmentability. By reference of AP214, it is concerned with describing an approach of modeling based on STEP/AP. It defines four levels of product information architecture and relationships between them. Emphasis is on the whole process of modeling.By building model on four levels,the granularity of product information becomes thin increasingly. Finally, the model being appropriate to describe by computers can be obtained.More importantly, it demonstrates how to extend a model and ensure conformance. It is flexible, and potentially supports modeling on application domain.
Numerical Control System for Virtual Axis Tool Grinders and Conventional Tool Grinders
CHEN You-dong, CHEN Wu-yi, FAN Rui, CHEN Ding-chang
2001, 27(2): 190-193.
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A PC-based open computer numerical control system is described. This system can be used both for virtual axis tool grinders and for conventional tool grinders. The hardware setup and software structure are presented. The machine controller consists of two major elements: a PC and an IN/OUT board (installed inside the PC). The software mainly includes movement function lib and user application, which can be reusable. Movement variables are calculated and the resultant data for the axis movement are temporarily stored in the hard disk. The data are then sent to generate real time signals to drive the motors. Examples are detailed to show the grinding control of twist drill points on both a virtual axis tool grinder and a conventional tool grinder.
Numerical Simulation of Springback in Sheet Metal Forming
XU Bing-kun, SHI Fa-zhong
2001, 27(2): 194-197.
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Springback is an inevitable phenomenon in sheet metal forming process. As an effective method to solve springback problem, numerical simulation is receiving increasing attention throughout industry and academic world. Integrated springback simulation can be divided into two steps, that is punch loading forming process simulation and punch unloading springback process simulation. The quasi-static implicit approach and dynamic explicit approach in springback simulation are described, and their advantages and disadvantages in computing springback problems are compared. A FEM model for punch loading forming process simulation and punch unloading springback process simulation is introduced and a computing example using software developed by authors is given.
Research on Automatic Resonating for Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting
ZHOU Zheng-gan, WANG Chun-sheng, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG De-y
2001, 27(2): 198-201.
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In the process of ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC), the resonant frequency of mechanical syntonic system varies in a wide range because of system's heating up and variable loads. If the ultrasonic power doesn't work at the resonant frequency of mechanical syntonic system, UVC is not able to go along continuously and stably. In order to solve the problem, the composition of an UVC system is introduced simply. Then, the electrical characteristics of ultrasonic magnetostrictive transducer are analysed. Finally, a method, with which to adjust the working frequency of the ultrasonic power in accordance with the phase-shift-frequency curve of ultrasonic magnetostrictive transducer, is presented. Experimental results indicate that this method can make UVC system work continuously and stably at situations of variable cutting conditions.
Product Requirement Acquisition and Definition for Creativity
WULAN Mu, WU Bin, DENG Jia
2001, 27(2): 202-205.
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Imitative creation is one way for Chinese enterprises to achieve innovation and development. Meeting market demands is the first step of product creation. If the market requirements are translated to the operable specification which directs product design, it needs the integration of semantic expression between them, the structurized expression method, the structurized map relation and the comprehensive consideration about many fields in the product life cycle.First, the methods are proposed to acquire, analyze and define product requirement rapidly, and the requirement model is built. Then, a software infrastructure is established for requirement acquisition and definition system RADAR supporting product creation. Finally, the key technology is given to implement this system.
Study on Mechanism of Electro-friction Effect
ZHU Run-sheng, CHI Chang-qing, ZHANG Jian-bin
2001, 27(2): 206-208.
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The friction coefficient of ferromagnetic flow under boundary lubrication exhibits regular change in the presence of applied direct electric fields. The diverse effect of electric potential and magnetic field generated by direct electric current on the friction of ferromagnetic flow under boundary lubrication was investigated, and control mechanism of electric field acting on friction coefficient was proposed. An experiment to measure the micro displacement between the contacting surface of both pin and disk was conducted. The result of measurement verified the validity of proposed mechanism.
Algorithm for Mixed Meshing Multiple Trimmed ParametricSurfaces for Finite Element Analysis
OUYANG Xing, SHI Fa-zhong
2001, 27(2): 209-212.
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According to the character of die shape, based on the mathematical model of multiple trimmed parametric surfaces, which is created by CAD/CAM system, an algorithm for generate mixed mesh of triangles and quadrilaterals for finite element analysis is presented. The trimmed parametric surfaces are discreted into polygons, which are controlled by the parameters of maximum edge length, minimum edge length, distance tolerance and angle tolerance, etc. The adjacent relation between surfaces is found and merged by surface-curves, consequently, a model represented by boundary is created, the polygons are updated by surface-curves, and mixed mesh is generated by these polygons. The resultant mesh is conformal, without crack and overlap between the adjacent surfaces.
Virtual Reality Simulation and Its Application on Aircraft Assembling
WANG Fei, YANG Xiang-long, FENG Yun-cheng
2001, 27(2): 213-216.
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The mechanism of virtual reality simulation is deeply discussed. By means of the popular VRML 3D constructing language to build virtual reality scene and objects, and Java general programming language to code the mobile engine, which not only can complete the normal numeric simulation but also drive the virtual reality objects running according to the simulation event logic, this simulation system is realized on normal computer without any extra hardware requirements and meets the fundamental interactive requirements of virtual reality system.This fundamental, practical but powerful virtual reality simulation system is mainly applied on world wide web, and can be easily installed in any Java integrated development environment and extended to more utilized fields. Furthermore, a virtual reality simulation model for the assembling process of Boeing 737-700 aircraft is researched and constructed by such theory and methods. Finally, the future development of this virtual reality simulation mechanism is also discussed to show the prospect.
Existence and Multiplicity of Positive Entire Solutions fora Class of Quasilinear Elliptic Equation
YANG Zuo-dong, LU Qi-shao
2001, 27(2): 217-220.
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With the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorems as the principal tool, the theorems of existence and multiplicity of bounded positive entire solutions for a class quasilinear elliptic equations are established.In many articles, the theorems of existence and multiplicity of bounded positive entire solutions for a class semilinear elliptic equations are established.The results of the semilinear equations are extended to the quasilinear ones and the results of semilinear equations are developed.
Application of Wavelet Transform to　Ground Echo-s Noise Processing
LI He-sheng, MAO Jian-qin, HAN Yu
2001, 27(2): 221-225.
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Based on the wavelet transform and its multiscale decompositions, it is possible to grasp the slight changes of characteristic information carried by image's edge on every scale. The laws have been analysed, which are followed by local maximal of wavelet transform modulus of white noise and continuous signal on different scales. An algorithm is developed to remove white noises from signals by analyzing the evolution of local maximals of wavelet transform modulus at acrossing scales. The numerical simulation proves that the algorithm is efficient. It is possible to provide an efficient approach to low-SNR radar signal detection in the future.
Design Method of a New Adaptive Fuzzy Controller
WANG Sheng-yuan, HUO Wei
2001, 27(2): 226-229.
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Based on analyzing disadvantages of the existing adaptive fuzzy control approach, a new design method of adaptive fuzzy controller(AFC) for a class of nonlinear systems is proposed. In order to ensure the consistency of the closed-loop system performances, before the AFC is applied, a supervisory controller is used to drive initial tracking errors to a preset closed area, and then the AFC can drive the tracking errors of the closed-loop system to pre-specified neighborhood in the presence of unknown approximation errors of the fuzzy logic system. Finally, simulation results verify the validity of this method.
Numerical Algorithm for Calculating Lyapunov Exponents of Multibody Hamilton Systems with Topological Tree Configuration
JIN Li, WANG Qi, LU Qi-shao
2001, 27(2): 230-232.
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A numerical algorithm for calculating Lyapunov exponents of Hamiltonian multibody systems with topological tree configuration is studied. The algorithms for Lyapunov exponents of Hamiltonian multibody systems using the canonical equations of the system and symplectic algorithm for ordinary differential equations are presented, which are used to study the stability of the Hamiltonian multibody systems. An example is given to analyze the stability of a typical Hamiltonian multibody system, including periodic solution and chaos.
Stability of Spinning Top Filled with Non-fully Rotating Liquid
WANG Shi-min, LI Lei
2001, 27(2): 233-236.
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In some liquid-filled spinning systems, although top stability conditions of frozen-liquid are satisfied theoretically, and the top nutation is not of resonant instability due to liquid inertia wave, angular motion of the rotating liquid-filled system is not stable in experiments. This phenomena can not explified by resonant instability theory of the SWM(Stewartson-Wedemeyer-Murphy). Therefore, it is very difficult to avoid the instability parameters in practice design. The influence of non-fully rotating liquid on the stability of spinning liquid-filled top is numerically analyzed, and the non-linear stability of spinning liquid-filled top is investigated using the partial stability theory of Liapunov-Rumjantsev. The stability condition of spinning liquid-filled top with non-fully rotating liquid is concluded.
Early Software Reliability Prediction: an Approach Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
LIU Bin, LU Min-yan, RUAN Lian
2001, 27(2): 237-240.
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Based on the fuzzy neural network, an approach to early software reliability prediction is proposed. The reason of the software defects generated is analyzed and the factors which introduce the defects during software creation are presented. It is pointed out that fuzzy and using experience are the characteristics of the factors and the modeling in early software reliability prediction must consider them. The modeling method for early software reliability prediction is discussed and the detail steps for the approach are given. Future research works about this approach such as how to quantify the inputs of the model and how to train the fuzzy neural network are also mentioned.
Study on Software Reliability Parameters
LU Min-yan
2001, 27(2): 241-244.
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It is the first task in software reliability engineering to specify quantitative software reliability requirements. The meaning and properties of quantitative software reliability requirements are discussed. Based on the analysis of the general software reliability parameters, the software reliability parameters with defense equipment characteristics are presented, and the principles for selecting software reliability parameters and determining the reliability targets are discussed.
Study on Delay Model of Data Processingin Real Time for UCAV
JING Hua, QIU Xiao-hong
2001, 27(2): 245-248.
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The uninhabited combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs) is gradually becoming the research object in the area of aeronautics, the effectiveness and progressing of which depend on the method of its real-time management and control. A delay model of communication in the real-time mission planning of UCAVs is presented by means of analysing the data processing course of closed-loop for UCAVs. The delay model has been used in the system of the real-time mission planning for UCAVs. The result of simulation indicates that the model can be used to compensate the influence of time delay effectively.

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