Performance analysis of skin temperature prediction model combining Smith's thermoregulation model with Tanabe model
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摘要:
人体热调节模型用于描述人体内外热传递现象，预测热生理参数值。为利用人-服热模型评估室温环境控制，抓住人-服-环境传热的主要因素提出了人体热调节与服装热阻的耦合模型。所提模型由受控系统和热调节控制系统构成。受控系统采用Tanabe模型，把人体分为16个节段，每个节段由内到外分成核心、肌肉、脂肪和皮肤4层，外加与各组织层传热的中心血池，共65个节点，每个节点上利用Pennes生物热方程计算传热量。热调节控制系统采用Smith热调节模型中利用生理数据获取的经验控制方程描述血管舒缩、出汗率和寒颤3种人体基本热调节控制方式。结果表明：所提模型对皮肤温度的预测值与试验结果绝对误差最大值小于0.8 ℃，绝对误差平均值约为0.5 ℃，对试验工况下的人体皮肤温度有较好的预测结果。
Abstract:A human body thermoregulation model is designed to describe heat transfer from a human body to the environment, and predict thermal physiological parameters. This model is composed of a passive system and a thermoregulation system. The passive system employs the Tanabe model, consisting of 65 multi-nodes by dividing the human body into 16 segments, each of which has four layers: core, muscle, fat and skin. The 65th node is a blood pool transferring heat with each tissue layer. Pennes' bio-thermal equations are employed in each node to calculate heat exchange. In the thermoregulation system, the empirical control equations developed from the physiological experimental data in Smith's model are used to represent the three basal thermoregulation control modes of vasomotion, sweating and shivering in human bodies. The maximum absolute error between the simulation and experimental data is less than 0.8 ℃, and the mean value of the absolute error is about 0.5 ℃. The tests show that the proposed model based on Smith's and Tanabe's models can effectively predict skin temperature under the operating condition of this study.
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Key words:
- bio-thermal /
- thermoregulation model /
- passive system /
- bio-thermal equation /
- skin temperature
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表 1 环境参数汇总
Table 1. Environmental parameters
参数 数值 环境温度/℃ 25±2 环境湿度/% 30~70 风速/(m·s-1) ＜0.5 衣物整体热阻/(m2·℃·W-1) 0.13 衣物整体湿阻/(m2·kPa·W-1) 0.008 3 
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表 2 运动工况设置
Table 2. Motion settings
运动描述 代谢产热/ W 运动频次 运动时间/min 休息时间/min 静息直立，双臂下垂 ＜125 7 肩运动。双臂向前抬至水平，后向体侧展开，再自然下垂 125~235 20次/min 3~5 7 肘运动。肩关节前伸60°，同时屈肘，前臂交叉于前胸，双手分别贴于左右胸前，后恢复初始状态 125~235 20次/min 3~5 7 功率计20 W运动。双手摇动功率计把手，做圆周运动 235~360 40周/min 3~5 7 功率计30 W运动。双手摇动功率计把手，做圆周运动 235~360 40周/min 3~5 7 功率计40 W运动。双手摇动功率计把手，做圆周运动 360~465 40周/min 3~5 7 功率计60 W运动。双手摇动功率计把手，做圆周运动 >465 40周/min 3~5 7
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表 3 试验设备信息汇总
Table 3. Experimental equipment
设备 用途 物理量 精度 温度传感器 测量环境温度 温度 ±0.2 ℃ 湿度传感器 测量环境湿度 湿度 4% FS 黑球温度计 测量环境黑球温度 温度 ±0.3 ℃ 风速计 测量人体周围风速 风速 2% FS 肺功能仪 测量吸入氧气和呼出二氧化碳体积流量 体积流量 2% FS Ibutton温湿度传感器 测量皮肤温、湿度 温度/湿度 ±0.1 ℃
2% FS人体秤 测量体重 质量 ±1 g 注: FS为满量程。
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表 4 受试者信息
Table 4. Profile of subjects
序号 姓名 性别 年龄/岁 身高/cm 体重/kg 职业 1 宴X 男 21 166 60.7 学生 2 张XX 男 22 174 64.7 学生 3 岳XX 男 30 172 58.4 职工 4 杨XX 男 32 181 61.7 职工
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