Samples allocation method based on FMECA information for testability verification test
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摘要:
针对目前国内外测试性验证试验中普遍采用的基于故障率的分层抽样方法考虑因素单一,可能导致样本分配不尽合理,而现有考虑多因素的样本分配方法代表性不足,难以实现工程上的应用的问题,对影响样本分配的因素与故障模式影响及危害性分析(FMECA)信息的关系进行了详细分析,提出了基于FMECA信息的样本分配方法。首先定义了单元影响系数和影响因子向量,提出了向量各元素赋值规则,解决了影响因素选取的问题;其次通过基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)优化的层次分析法确定了权值矩阵,实现了样本分配。最后通过实例验证表明该方法考虑因素全面,运用灵活,更具代表性和工程应用价值。
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关键词:
- 测试性验证试验 /
- 故障模式影响及危害性分析 (FMECA) /
- 样本分配 /
- 影响因素 /
- 逼近理想解排序法 (TOPSIS) /
- 层次分析法
Abstract:Sample allocation method of stratified sampling based on failure rate that is widely utilized in testability verification test considers only one single factor, which may lead to inaccurate assessment. Sample allocation method based on multiple factors is difficult to be used in engineering due to its limited representativeness. In this paper, the relation between factors that may influence the sample allocation and information provided by failure mode effect and critically analysis (FMECA) is analyzed in detail, and a sample allocation method based on FMECA information is presented. First, element influence coefficient and influence factor vector are defined and assignment rule of each element is put forward so that influence factors can be selected. Then, samples are allocated after the determination of weight matrix through analytic hierarchy process which is based on technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Finally, case study is conducted, indicating that the sample allocation method based on FMECA factors has a comprehensive consideration and a flexible application, which is more valuable in engineering.
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表 1 FMECA详细分析内容和层次
Table 1. Detailed analysis content and level of FMECA
分析项目 分析层次 样本分配影响因素 故障模式分析 故障模式 故障模式数 故障原因分析 故障模式 故障影响分析 故障模式 故障扩散度,严酷度,故障影响 危害性分析 故障模式,产品或功能标志 故障率,危害度,风险优先数 检测方法分析 故障模式 检测难度,检测隔离时间,维修性,测试费用 补偿措施分析 故障模式 测试研发代价 表 2 面向不同阶段不同产品的FMECA方式
Table 2. FMECA approach for different products and different stages
方式 功能FMECA 硬件FMECA 软件FMECA 损坏模式及影响分析DMEA 过程FMECA 样本分配影响因素 产品 方案中的产品 图纸及实装 嵌入式软件 发生战损的武器装备 过程中的设备 根据产品性质和试验所处的阶段确定 方案阶段 √ 故障模式数,故障率,故障影响,风险优先数 研制阶段 √ √ √ √ √ 故障模式数,故障率,故障影响,危害度,检测难度,维修性 生产阶段 √ 故障模式数,故障率,故障影响,危害度,检测难度 使用阶段 √ √ √ √ 故障率,故障影响,危害度,检测难度,维修性,费用 表 3 严酷度等级及其梯形模糊数
Table 3. Severity level and its trapezoidal fuzzy numbers
严酷度等级 故障影响 ESR评分 梯形模糊数 Ⅳ级 (轻度的) 不会造成人员伤害,轻度经济损失或产品损坏,致非计划性维修 1, 2, 3 (0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.40) Ⅲ级 (中度的) 造成人员中度伤害,中度经济损失,产品中度损坏 4, 5, 6 (0.30, 0.45, 0.55, 0.70) Ⅱ级 (致命的) 造成人员严重伤害,严重经济损失,产品严重损坏 7, 8 (0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90) Ⅰ级 (灾难的) 造成人员伤亡,产品毁坏,重大经济损失 9, 10 (0.85, 0.90, 1, 1) 表 4 影响因素及其打分量化
Table 4. Influence factor and its quantitative scoring
影响因素 专家顺序 总分 1 2 … k 1 a11 a12 … a1k A1 2 a21 a22 … a2k A2 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ … ⋮ ⋮ m am1 am2 … amk Am 表 5 元素两两比较的重要性及其赋值
Table 5. Importance of elements pairwise comparison and their assignment
序号 重要性等级 赋值 1 i比j极端不重要 1/9 2 i比j强烈不重要 1/7 3 i比j明显不重要 1/5 4 i比j稍微不重要 1/3 5 i与j同等重要 1 6 i比j稍微重要 3 7 i比j明显重要 5 8 i比j强烈重要 7 9 i比j极端重要 9 表 6 RI取值
Table 6. Value of RI
阶数 4 5 6 7 8 9 RI 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45 表 7 模块A的A/D转换功能单元FMECA主要内容
Table 7. Main content of FMECA for A/D conversion function unit of module A
产品或功能标志 功能 故障模式 故障原因 故障影响 严酷度等级 故障率 故障模式频数比 MTTR RPN A/D转换功能单元 实现对执行系统中设备控制线的电源检测 译码控制芯片EPM7128STI损坏 过流或过压 不能正确实现译码控制功能 Ⅳ 0.12 12 15 18 A/D转换芯片AD674损坏 过流或过压 不能进行模拟电压到数字电压的转换 Ⅳ 0.12 30 15 15 D/A转换芯片AD667损坏 过流或过压 不能进行数字电压到模拟电压的转换 Ⅳ 0.12 30 15 15 隔离放大器芯片AD203SN损坏 过流或过压 不能将输入电压隔离放大 Ⅳ 0.12 13 15 21 模拟开关芯片MAX4588损坏 过流或过压 不能完成对输入通道进行多路切换输入 Ⅳ 0.12 20 15 6 表 8 模块A各功能单元及影响因素
Table 8. Function units and influence factors of module A
功能单元 故障模式数 严酷度评分之和 故障率 MTTR RPN之和 电源支持单元 9 5 0.19 25 189 处理单元 5 4 0.12 20 144 A/D转换单元 5 2 0.12 15 85 异步通讯单元 9 5 0.18 15 178 同步通讯单元 5 3 0.15 15 121 表 9 A/D转换功能单元影响因子向量
Table 9. Influence factor vector of A/D conversion function unit
影响因素 故障率 严酷度 MTTR 危害性 对应元素 l3, 1=0.105 l3, 2=0.158 l3, 3=0.230 l3, 4=0.119 赋值数组 1 1 1 0 单元影响因子向量 l3=(0.105, 0.158, 0.230, 0) 表 10 权值向量
Table 10. Weight vector
影响因素 故障率 严酷度 MTTR 危害性 权重元素 ω1=0.32 ω2=0.18 ω3=0.12 ω4=0.38 权值向量 W=(0.32, 0.18, 0.12, 0.38) 表 11 样本分配及测试性评估结果对比
Table 11. Results comparison of samples allocation and testability evaluation
功能单元 故障率 单元影响系数 基于故障率的分配结果 基于FMECA信息的分配结果 电源支持单元 0.19 0.145 11(0, 4) 10(0, 4) 处理单元 0.12 0.116 7(6, 6) 8(7, 7) A/D转换单元 0.12 0.090 7(0, 2) 6(0, 2) 异步通讯单元 0.18 0.154 10(2, 2) 11(3, 3) 同步通讯单元 0.15 0.114 9(0, 2) 8(0, 2) 合计 0.76 0.619 44(8, 16) 43(10, 18) 故障检测率点估计/% 内场测试设备 81.8 79.1 机内测试 63.6 58.1 注:括号 (, ) 内数据分别表示内场测试设备和机内测试测试失败的样本数量。 -
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