Optimized two-dimensional FFT signal processing algorithm for millimeter-wave FM fuze
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摘要:
针对毫米波调频引信对目标距离速度信息联合估计的问题，提出一种基于相对距离评价函数优化的二维快速傅里叶变换（FFT）信号处理算法。首先，通过分析二维FFT算法实际测距测速精度与FFT点数的关系，建立了优化数学模型，利用相对距离评价函数对数学模型求解，得到FFT点数最优解；然后，采样将差频信号数据转换成二维数据矩阵，分别对矩阵的行列进行相应FFT变换；最后，通过提取峰值点的坐标估计目标的距离速度信息。结果表明：该算法有效提高了传统二维FFT算法的测距测速精度，并且满足实时性要求，能够同时提取毫米波调频引信的目标距离速度信息。
Abstract:In this paper, a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform(FFT) signal processing algorithm based on relative distance evaluation function optimization is proposed for the joint estimation of target range and velocity information of millimeter-wave frequency modulated fuze. The relationship between the accuracy of the actual ranging and velocity measurement and the number of FFT points is analyzed first. Then an optimization mathematical model is established. The mathematical model is solved by utilizing relative distance evaluation function. After obtaining the optimal solution of the number of FFT points, the beat frequency signal is sampled into two-dimensional data matrix. The corresponding FFT transformation on the rows and columns of the matrix is performed respectively. Finally, the target range and velocity information is estimated by extracting the coordinates of the peak points. The simulation and discussion analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of the actual ranging and velocity measurement of the traditional two-dimensional FFT algorithm and meet the real-time requirements. The algorithm can extract the target range and velocity information of millimeter-wave frequency modulated fuze simultaneously.
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图 1 毫米波调频引信原理框图
Figure 1. Block diagram of principle of millimeter-wave frequency modulated fuze
图 2 发射信号、回波信号及差频信号时频特性
Figure 2. Time-frequency characteristics of emission signal, echo signal and beat signal
图 3 二维FFT算法提取信息方法原理示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of two-dimensional FFT algorithm principle for extracting information
图 4 理论测距精度与调制频偏的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between theoretical ranging accuracy and modulation frequency offset
图 5 实际测距精度与距离维FFT点数的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between practical ranging accuracy and distance-dimensional FFT point number
图 6 理论测速精度与调制周期数的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between theoretical velocity measurement accuracy and number of modulation periods
图 7 实际测速精度与距离维FFT点数的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between practical velocity measurement accuracy and distance-dimensional FFT point number
图 8 实际测速精度与速度维FFT点数的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between practical velocity measurement accuracy and velocity-dimensional FFT point number
图 9 实际测速精度与距离维和速度维FFT点数的联合关系
Figure 9. Joint relationship between practical velocity measurement accuracy and distance-dimensional and velocity-dimensional FFT point number
图 10 基于相对距离评价函数的优化算法流程图
Figure 10. Flowchart of optimization algorithm based on relative distance evaluation function
图 11 基于相对距离评价函数的最优解
Figure 11. Optimal solution based on relative distance evaluation function
图 12 传统理想点法与本文算法的优化性能比较
Figure 12. Comparison of optimal performance between traditional ideal point method and proposed algorithm
图 13 信噪比增益与距离维和速度维FFT点数的联合关系
Figure 13. Joint relationship between signal-to-noise ratio gain and distance-dimensional and velocity-dimensional FFT point number
图 14 点目标下毫米波调频引信差频信号Simulink模型
Figure 14. Simulink model of beat signal of millimeter-wave frequency modulated fuze under condition of point target
表 1 优化前后仿真测试结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of simulation test results before and after optimization
参数 优化前 优化后 采样点数 N=64，M=256 N=49，M=123 算法复杂度 2.2×105 7.6×104 测距精度/m 0.383 0.383 测速精度/(m·s-1) 5.18 5.18 
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表 2 距离维FFT IP核延时与FFT点数的关系
Table 2. Relationship between distance-dimensional FFT IP core delay and number of FFT points
距离维IP核延时 距离维FFT点数 56Tclk 8 269Tclk 64 860Tclk 256
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