民机客舱布局工效学量化设计模型

陈浩; 庞丽萍; 完颜笑如; 方玉峰; 郭司南; 闵雨晨

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0623

民机客舱布局工效学量化设计模型

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0623

1.
北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院, 北京 100083
2.
中国航空工业集团有限公司, 北京 100028

基金项目:

工业和信息化部民用飞机专项科研 MJ-2015-F-018

详细信息

作者简介:
陈浩  男，博士研究生。主要研究方向：航空人机工效

庞丽萍  女，博士，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：飞行器环境控制、航空人机工效

完颜笑如  女，博士，讲师，硕士生导师。主要研究方向：航空人机工效

通讯作者:
完颜笑如, E-mail: wanyanxiaoru@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V223⁺.2;TB18
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-10
- 录用日期: 2019-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2020-12-20

Quantitative design model of civil aircraft cabin layout for ergonomics

1.
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd., Beijing 100028, China

Funds:

Special Research for Civil Aircraft MJ-2015-F-018

More Information

Corresponding author: WANYAN Xiaoru, E-mail: wanyanxiaoru@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为提升客舱布局设计效率及面向民机客舱快速仿真设计系统提供技术支撑，提出了一种民机客舱布局量化设计模型。该模型面向工效学设计需求，以座椅排距、座椅排数、各级客舱舱段长度等作为设计变量，构造了舒适性、安全性、经济性三类目标函数，实现了客舱边界限制、人机空间耦合关系、适航安全性要求等约束条件的量化描述。分别以双通道宽体干线客机、单通道窄体干线客机和支线客机为应用算例，对所提模型的可用性进行了计算验证。结果表明：所提模型可适用于多种机型的客舱布局设计，能够提供多个满足舒适性、安全性、经济性等多样化工效学设计指标的量化设计方案，并可给出各类指标进一步的优化途径。所提模型在一定程度上实现了民机客舱布局量化设计，为概念设计阶段客舱布局快速设计和多方案比较提供了一种新的方法，同时也可作为航空公司客舱布局选型的定量化辅助决策工具。
- 民机客舱 /
- 布局设计 /
- 人机工效 /
- 数学建模 /
- 多目标优化
Abstract:
To improve layout design efficiency and provide technical support for the rapid simulation design system of civil aircraft cabin, a quantitative design model for civil aircraft cabin layout is proposed. The ergonomic demand-oriented model took seat row distance, seat row number and cabin section length as design variables, and constructed three objective functions, which are comfort, economy and safety. The constraints were quantitatively represented in the model, including cabin boundary restriction, man-machine space coupling relationship, and airworthiness safety requirements. Model applicability was verified by taking the dual-aisle wide-body, single-aisle narrow-body, and regional airliner as analytical examples. The results show that the model can be applied to various types of cabin layout design by providing multiple quantitative design schemes meeting ergonomic design requirements. Optimization approaches for various types of indices can also be revealed in the model. It indicates that the quantitative design model could be a new adaptive method for the rapid design and the schemes comparison in the conceptual design stage and a quantitative assistant decision-making tool for the selection of airline passenger cabin layout.
- civil aircraft cabin /
- layout design /
- man-machine ergonomics /
- mathematical modeling /
- multi-objective optimization

HTML全文

图 1 民机客舱分级结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of civil aircraft cabin classified structure

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图 2 民机商务舱座椅常见3种布置

Figure 2. Three common layouts of business-class seats in civil aircraft

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图 3 三种算例Pareto前沿

Figure 3. Pareto front of three examples

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图 4 Pareto图：双通道宽体干线客机商务舱座椅排数最优备选方案

Figure 4. Pareto chart: optimal alternatives of business-class seat row number for dual-aisle wide-body airliner

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图 5 三种算例客舱布局最优设计方案

Figure 5. Optimal design schemes of cabin layout for three examples

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图 6 双通道宽体干线客机算例设计变量对设计目标重要度分析

Figure 6. Analysis of variables importance to design objectives for dual-aisle wide-body airliner example

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表 1 民机客舱布局量化设计模型常量

Table 1. Constants of civil aircraft cabin layout quantitative design model

符号	含义
L	舱段长度
W	舱段宽度
H	舱段高度
L₀	厨房盥洗室典型尺寸
L_p	旅客过道宽度
l₀	人体身高
l_ft	人体足长
l_ba	婴儿摇篮空间长度
φ_max	椅背最大后倾角
θ	座椅与纵轴线夹角
l_rh	椅背后倾尺寸
l_r	座椅椅背长度
l_w	座宽
l_ch	座深
l_rm	座椅腿部空间长度
W_ar	座椅扶手宽度
n₁	头等舱每排座椅数
n₂	商务舱每排座椅数
n₃	高级经济舱每排座椅数
n₄	经济舱每排座椅数
N	客舱过道数量
u	平均客座率
P	平均票价
Q	应急舱门对数

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表 2 三种算例对照机型客舱布置基本信息

Table 2. Basic information of cabin layout for airliner types of three examples

基本信息		双通道宽体干线客机B777-300ER	单通道窄体干线客机B737-800	支线客机MA700
客舱座级		380	180	70
剖面布置	商务舱	2-3-2	2-2	2-1
剖面布置	经济舱	3-4-3	3-3	2-2
应急舱门(对)			2	1

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表 3 三种算例的模型常量及其取值

Table 3. Model constants and their values for three examples

客舱长度L/mm	60 000	35 000	21 820
客舱宽度W/mm	5 860	3 750	2 681
客舱高度H/mm	2 591	2 591	1 970
厨房盥洗室典型尺寸L₀/mm	1 016	1 016	1 016
人体身高l₀/mm	1 678	1 678	1 678
人体足长l_ft/mm	247	247	247
婴儿摇篮空间长度l_ba/mm	850	850	850
商务椅背最大后倾尺寸l_{rh, 2}/mm	177.8	177.8	177.8
经济椅背最大后倾尺寸l_{rh, 4}/mm	127	127	127
商务座椅座深l_{ch, 2}/mm	508	508	508
商务座椅座宽l_{w, 2}/mm	533.4	510	510
经济座椅座深l_{ch, 4}/mm	431.8	431.8	431.8
经济座椅座宽l_{w, 4}/mm	431.8	440	440
商务座椅扶手宽度W_{ar, 2}/mm	101.6	101.6	101.6
经济座椅扶手宽度W_{ar, 4}/mm	50.8	50.8	50.8
商务舱每排座椅数n₂	7	4	3
经济舱每排座椅数n₄	10	6	4
客舱过道数量N	2	1	1
商务舱平均客座率u₂/%	100	100	100
经济舱平均客座率u₄/%	100	100	100
商务舱平均票价P₂/元	2 000	2 000	1 000
经济舱平均票价P₄/元	1 000	1 000	500

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表 4 三种算例对照机型客舱布局最优备选方案

Table 4. Optimal alternatives of cabin layout for airliner types of three examples

座椅布置	双通道宽体干线客机B777-300ER	单通道窄体干线客机B737-800	支线客机MA700
商务舱座椅排数	0, 2, 3, 1, 7	2, 0, 3, 1	0, 1
商务舱座椅排距/in	41, 40, 50, 42, 47, 43, 46, 52, 51	51, 66, 55, 53, 52, 54, 59, 49, 44, 50, 48, 42, 57, 60, 47, 46, 40	46, 45, 48, 55, 47, 44, 49, 50, 66, 41, 40, 57, 51, 43, 65, 59, 53
经济舱座椅排数	23, 30, 22, 34, 29, 21, 26, 27, 40, 24, 25, 33, 28, 20, 32	25, 20, 27, 24, 26, 30, 21, 23, 22, 29, 28, 17	11, 15, 14, 12, 13
经济舱座椅排距/in	36, 37, 39, 38	45, 44	36

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表 5 三种算例对照机型客舱布局设计优先优化途径

Table 5. Prior optimization approach of cabin layout design for airliner types of three examples

设计指标	双通道宽体干线客机B777-300ER	单通道窄体干线客机B737-800	支线客机MA700
经济性	商务舱座椅排数(35.1%)	经济舱座椅排数(67.1%)	经济舱座椅排数(34.4%)
舒适性	经济舱座椅排距(49.9%)	经济舱座椅排距(60.9%)	经济舱座椅排距(49.6%)
安全性	商务舱座椅排数(40.7%)	经济舱座椅排数(80.6%)	经济舱座椅排数(36.7%)

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