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摘要:
纤维增强复合材料层板对低速冲击事件敏感，冲击产生的损伤会导致材料结构承载性能及使用寿命大幅下降。基于此，提出了一种基于连续介质损伤力学的有限元模型，研究了复合材料层板低速倾斜冲击力学行为。采用Hashin准则结合渐进退化模型预测层内损伤起始和演化；采用界面单元结合双线性Traction-Separation本构关系模拟层间分层；编写用户材料VUMAT子程序，实现基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台的数值求解。数值计算结果与现有正冲击下实验数据吻合较好，验证了模型的有效性。探讨了冲击角度、冲击能量对复合材料层板倾斜冲击力学性能的影响，分析倾斜冲击下层板损伤模式及失效机理，为复合材料结构倾斜冲击问题数值分析提供参考。
Abstract:Fiber reinforced composite laminates are sensitive to low velocity impact events, and the induced damage extensively reduces the load-bearing capacity and service life of composite structures. A continuum damage mechanics based finite element model is proposed to investigate the mechanical behavior of composite laminates under low velocity oblique impact. The Hashin criteria and a gradual degradation model are employed to predict the intra-laminar damage initiation and evolution; cohesive elements ruled by the bilinear Traction-Separation constitutive relation are applied to simulate delamination. A user material subroutine VUMAT is then developed and implemented to obtain the numerical solution based on ABAQUS/Explicit solver. The numerical results are largely consistent with the available experimental data under normal impact, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed model. The effects of the impact angle and impact energy on the oblique impact properties of composite laminates are discussed and the damage mode and failure mechanism are analyzed in detail, providing insight into the numerical study on general oblique impact problems in composite structures.
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Key words:
- composite laminate /
- low-velocity impact /
- oblique impact /
- damage /
- numerical simulation
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图 1 复合材料层板低速正冲击有限元模型
Figure 1. Finite element model of composite laminates under low velocity normal impact
图 2 三种冲击能量下数值与实验冲击力-时间曲线比较
Figure 2. Comparison of numerical and experimental impact force-time curves under three impact energy levels
图 3 三种冲击能量下数值与实验冲击能量-时间曲线比较
Figure 3. Comparison of numerical and experimental impact energy-time curves under three impact energy levels
图 4 14.27 J冲击能量下复合材料层板45°低速倾斜冲击过程
Figure 4. Low-velocity oblique impact of composite laminates under impact energy of 14.27 J at 45°
图 5 不同冲击角度冲击过程中冲头的动能变化
Figure 5. Kinetic energy variation of impactor during impact at different impact angles
图 6 不同冲击角度冲击过程中冲头的冲击力变化
Figure 6. Impact force variation of impactor during impact at different impact angles
图 7 不同冲击角度下复合材料层板基体损伤分布
Figure 7. Matrix cracking in damaged composite laminates during impact at different impact angles
图 8 不同冲击角度下复合材料层板分层损伤分布
Figure 8. Delamination in damaged composite laminates during impact at different impact angles
图 9 不同冲击能量冲击过程中冲头的动能变化
Figure 9. Kinetic energy variation of impactor during impact at different impact energies
图 10 不同冲击能量冲击过程中冲头的冲击力变化
Figure 10. Impact force variation of impactor during impact at different impact energies
图 11 不同冲击能量下典型层损伤分布情况
Figure 11. Damage distribution of typical layer under different impact energies
图 12 不同冲击角度和冲击能量下基体损伤变化
Figure 12. Variation of matrix damage with different impact angles and impact energies
表 1 单向复合材料性能参数
Table 1. Material properties of unidirectional composite
参数 数值 密度/(kg·m-3) 1 600 弹性性能/GPa E11=153; E22= E33=10.3
G12= G13=6；G23=3.7
v12= v13=0.3; v23=0.4强度性能/MPa XT=2 537; XC=1 580
YT=82; YC=236; S=117.45
S12= S13=90; S23=40断裂韧性/(N·mm-1) Gft= Gfc =10; Gmt= Gmc=1 
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表 2 界面材料性能参数
Table 2. Material properties of interface material
参数 数值 密度/(kg·m-3) 1 200 K/(N·mm-3) 200 000 N/MPa 62.3 S=T/MPa 92.3 GⅠC/(N·mm-1) 0.28 GⅡC= GⅢC/(N·mm-1) 0.79
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