Abstract: In order to sort Li ion batteries and monitor their performance status, the control chart method was applied, which used to utilize in quality control. Firstly some interrelated analyses were done about the failure mechanisms of Li ion battery to select the parameters that could reasonably describe the status of them. Then the optimization of the control chart especially for the batteries was carried out in detail. The 3D control chart which could monitor two parameters simultaneously was agreeable to our analysis. By Matlab and SPSS the chart was totally accomplished. And through the results, the judgments of the healthy situation, the prediction of the faults could be made using some specific and suitable principles. Some test results in the lab of reliability and environment of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang University) were used as the source data and example. The test process is also concisely introduced.